Heart Transplant Surgery - Types, Procedure, Cost in India, Indications, Risks, Benefits and Recovery

What is Heart Transplant?

A heart transplant is a surgical procedure that involves replacing a diseased or damaged heart with a healthy heart from a deceased donor. This life-saving operation is typically reserved for patients with end-stage heart failure or severe heart conditions that cannot be managed through other treatments. The primary purpose of a heart transplant is to restore normal heart function, improve quality of life, and extend the lifespan of individuals suffering from severe cardiac issues.

The heart is a vital organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs. When the heart becomes weakened due to various conditions, it can lead to heart failure, where the heart is unable to pump blood effectively. This can result in symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. A heart transplant aims to replace the failing heart with a healthy one, allowing the patient to regain their strength and improve their overall health.

Heart transplants are performed in specialized medical centers with experienced surgical teams. The procedure typically involves several steps, including pre-operative evaluations, the actual surgery, and post-operative care. During the surgery, the patient is placed under general anesthesia, and the surgeon makes an incision in the chest to access the heart. The diseased heart is then removed, and the donor heart is carefully implanted in its place. Once the new heart is connected to the major blood vessels, the surgeon ensures that it is functioning properly before closing the chest.

Why is Heart Transplant Done?

Heart transplants are performed for various reasons, primarily when other treatment options have failed or are no longer effective. The most common conditions that lead to the need for a heart transplant include:

1. End-Stage Heart Failure: This is the most prevalent reason for heart transplants. Patients with end-stage heart failure experience severe symptoms that significantly impact their daily lives. Medications and other interventions may no longer provide relief, making a transplant the best option.
2. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): CAD occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle. In severe cases, this can lead to heart failure, necessitating a transplant.
3. Cardiomyopathy: This condition involves the thickening or stiffening of the heart muscle, which can impair its ability to pump blood. Patients with advanced cardiomyopathy may require a heart transplant if their condition worsens.
4. Congenital Heart Defects: Some individuals are born with structural heart problems that can lead to heart failure over time. In cases where surgical repairs are not feasible, a heart transplant may be necessary.
5. Heart Valve Disease: Severe damage to the heart valves can lead to heart failure. If valve repair or replacement is not possible, a transplant may be the best option.
6. Arrhythmias: Certain life-threatening arrhythmias that do not respond to other treatments may also lead to the need for a heart transplant.

Heart transplants are typically recommended when a patient's condition is severe enough that their life expectancy is significantly reduced without the procedure. The decision to proceed with a heart transplant involves a thorough evaluation by a multidisciplinary team, including cardiologists, surgeons, and transplant coordinators.

Indications for Heart Transplant

Determining whether a patient is a suitable candidate for a heart transplant involves a comprehensive assessment of their medical history, current health status, and the severity of their heart condition. Several clinical situations and test findings can indicate the need for a heart transplant, including:

1. Severe Heart Failure Symptoms: Patients experiencing debilitating symptoms such as extreme fatigue, shortness of breath at rest or with minimal exertion, and fluid retention may be considered for a transplant.
2. Reduced Ejection Fraction: Ejection fraction is a measurement of how well the heart pumps blood. A significantly reduced ejection fraction (typically less than 25-30%) indicates severe heart dysfunction and may qualify a patient for a transplant.
3. Hospitalization for Heart Failure: Frequent hospitalizations due to heart failure exacerbations can signal the need for a transplant. If a patient requires hospitalization multiple times within a year, it may indicate that their condition is worsening.
4. Inability to Perform Daily Activities: Patients who find it challenging to perform everyday tasks, such as walking, climbing stairs, or engaging in social activities, may be candidates for a heart transplant.
5. Cardiac Imaging Results: Tests such as echocardiograms, cardiac MRIs, or nuclear stress tests can provide valuable information about heart function and structure. Abnormal findings may support the need for a transplant.
6. Other Medical Conditions: The presence of other medical conditions, such as diabetes, kidney disease, or lung disease, can complicate heart failure and influence the decision for a transplant. However, these conditions must be well-managed to ensure a successful outcome.
7. Psychosocial Evaluation: A thorough psychosocial assessment is essential to determine a patient's ability to adhere to post-transplant care, including medication regimens and lifestyle changes. Patients must demonstrate a commitment to their health to be considered for a transplant.
8. Age and Overall Health: While age alone is not a disqualifying factor, older patients may face additional risks during surgery and recovery. A patient's overall health, including their ability to withstand surgery and recover, is a critical consideration.

The evaluation process for a heart transplant is extensive and may involve various tests, consultations, and discussions with healthcare providers. It is essential for patients and their families to understand the criteria and be actively involved in the decision-making process.

Types of Heart Transplant

While there are no distinct "types" of heart transplants in the traditional sense, there are different approaches and techniques used in the procedure. The two primary methods of heart transplantation are:

1. Orthotopic Heart Transplant: This is the most common type of heart transplant. In an orthotopic transplant, the diseased heart is removed, and the donor heart is placed in the same anatomical position. The new heart is connected to the major blood vessels, allowing it to function as the patient's original heart.
2. Heterotopic Heart Transplant: This approach is less common and is typically used in specific situations, such as when a patient has severe heart failure but still has some functioning heart muscle. In a heterotopic transplant, the donor heart is placed alongside the patient's existing heart, and both hearts work together to pump blood. This technique is often considered a temporary solution while waiting for a more definitive treatment.

In addition to these methods, advancements in surgical techniques and technology continue to evolve, improving the outcomes of heart transplants. The choice of technique depends on the patient's specific condition, the surgeon's expertise, and the availability of donor hearts.

Contraindications for Heart Transplant

While heart transplants can be life-saving, not all patients are suitable candidates for this complex procedure. Several medical, psychological, and social factors may prevent a person from undergoing a heart transplant. Understanding these contraindications is essential for patients and their families as they navigate the transplant evaluation process.

Common Contraindications for Heart Transplant

1. Active Infections:
   Patients with ongoing, uncontrolled infections—especially systemic or hard-to-treat infections—are typically ineligible for a heart transplant. The surgery requires a stable immune status, and active infections can significantly increase the risk of complications during recovery.
2. Severe Organ Dysfunction:
   Significant dysfunction in other vital organs like the liver, kidneys, or lungs can make transplantation too risky. The body must be able to tolerate the surgery and long-term immunosuppressive therapy.
3. Active or Recent Cancer:
   Patients with active cancer or a recent history of certain cancers may be excluded from transplant eligibility. Immunosuppressive medications increase the risk of cancer recurrence, making this a critical consideration.
4. Substance Abuse:
   Current drug or alcohol abuse is a serious contraindication. Patients must demonstrate sobriety and a commitment to ongoing treatment before being considered. Substance abuse poses a high risk for post-transplant non-compliance.
5. Non-compliance with Medical Care:
   A history of poor adherence to medical treatments, medications, or follow-up care is a major red flag. Lifelong commitment to strict medical management is essential for transplant success.
6. Unstable Psychosocial Factors:
   Severe mental health disorders, lack of social support, or unstable living situations can impact a patient’s ability to manage post-transplant responsibilities. A psychosocial evaluation is an integral part of the transplant assessment process.
7. Advanced Age:
   While there is no strict age cutoff, advanced age may increase surgical risks and complicate recovery. Each case is evaluated individually, focusing on physiological health rather than chronological age alone.
8. Severe Pulmonary Hypertension:
   Patients with uncontrolled or severe pulmonary hypertension may face higher surgical and post-operative risks, making them unsuitable for transplant.
9. Severe Obesity:
   Extreme obesity increases the risk of complications during surgery and recovery. Weight reduction is often recommended before a patient can be listed for a transplant.
10. Other Uncontrolled Medical Conditions:
    Chronic and poorly controlled health issues like uncontrolled diabetes, severe peripheral vascular disease, or certain autoimmune disorders may also disqualify a patient from receiving a heart transplant.

Each patient undergoes a thorough medical, psychological, and social evaluation before being listed for a heart transplant. Even if a person has one or more of these contraindications, some may be temporary or modifiable with appropriate treatment and lifestyle changes. The transplant team’s goal is to ensure the best possible outcome and long-term survival for each candidate.

How to Prepare for Heart Transplant

Preparing for a heart transplant involves several steps to ensure that patients are in the best possible condition for the procedure. Here’s a guide on how to prepare effectively:

1. Initial Evaluation: The first step is a comprehensive evaluation by a transplant team, which includes cardiologists, surgeons, nurses, and social workers. This evaluation assesses the patient's overall health, heart function, and suitability for a transplant.
2. Medical Tests: Patients will undergo a series of tests, including blood tests, imaging studies (like echocardiograms or MRIs), and possibly a cardiac catheterization. These tests help determine the severity of heart disease and the function of other organs.
3. Psychosocial Assessment: A mental health evaluation is crucial to ensure that patients are emotionally prepared for the challenges of a transplant. This assessment may include discussions about support systems, coping strategies, and any existing mental health conditions.
4. Lifestyle Modifications: Patients may be advised to make lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, adopting a heart-healthy diet, and engaging in regular physical activity. These changes can improve overall health and increase the chances of a successful transplant.
5. Medication Review: A thorough review of current medications is essential. Some medications may need to be adjusted or stopped before the transplant. Patients should discuss any supplements or over-the-counter medications with their healthcare team.
6. Education: Patients and their families should receive education about the transplant process, including what to expect before, during, and after the surgery. Understanding the procedure can help alleviate anxiety and prepare for recovery.
7. Financial Considerations: Patients should discuss the financial aspects of the transplant, including insurance coverage, potential out-of-pocket costs, and any financial assistance programs available.
8. Support System: Establishing a strong support system is vital. Patients should identify family members or friends who can assist them during the recovery process, including transportation to appointments and help with daily activities.
9. Pre-Transplant Testing: As the transplant date approaches, additional tests may be required to ensure that the patient remains stable. This may include repeat blood tests, imaging, and assessments of heart function.
10. Waiting List: Once deemed eligible, patients will be placed on a waiting list for a donor heart. The time on the list can vary, and patients should remain in close contact with their transplant team during this period.

Preparing for a heart transplant is a comprehensive process that requires commitment and collaboration with the healthcare team. By following these steps, patients can enhance their chances of a successful outcome.

Heart Transplant: Step-by-Step Procedure

Understanding the heart transplant procedure can help alleviate anxiety and prepare patients for what to expect. Here’s a step-by-step overview of the process:

1. Pre-Operative Preparation

Once a suitable donor heart is found, the transplant team will contact the patient. Patients must be prepared to go to the hospital immediately. Upon arrival, final evaluations—including blood tests and imaging—are conducted to confirm readiness for surgery.

2. Anesthesia

An anesthesiologist administers general anesthesia to ensure the patient is completely unconscious and pain-free during the procedure.

3. Incision

The surgeon makes an incision down the center of the chest (a median sternotomy) to access the heart. The size may vary depending on the surgical approach.

4. Heart-Lung Machine

A heart-lung machine temporarily takes over the functions of the heart and lungs, pumping and oxygenating blood while the surgeon performs the transplant.

5. Removing the Diseased Heart

The patient’s damaged heart is carefully removed, preserving key structures like the major blood vessels for connection to the donor heart.

6. Implanting the Donor Heart

The donor heart is placed into the chest cavity. The surgeon meticulously connects it to the major blood vessels (like the aorta and pulmonary artery) to restore proper blood circulation.

7. Monitoring and Stabilization

The surgical team monitors the new heart closely. Electrical stimulation may be used to initiate a steady heartbeat. The team ensures the heart is functioning effectively before proceeding.

8. Closing the Incision

Once the new heart is stable and functioning well, the chest incision is closed using sutures or surgical staples. The area is cleaned, bandaged, and prepared for post-operative care.

9. Post-Operative Care in ICU

Patients are transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) for close monitoring of heart function, vital signs, fluid balance, and early detection of any complications such as rejection or infection.

10. Recovery in Hospital

After ICU, patients move to a regular recovery unit. Hospital stays can range from several days to a couple of weeks, depending on recovery speed and any complications. During this time, patients start physical rehabilitation and receive education about life with a transplanted heart.

11. Follow-Up Appointments

After discharge, patients must attend regular follow-up appointments. These include physical exams, lab tests, imaging, and heart biopsies to monitor for rejection and fine-tune medication dosages.

12. Long-Term Care and Medication

Lifelong use of immunosuppressive medications is essential to prevent the immune system from rejecting the new heart. Regular monitoring, a healthy lifestyle, and strict adherence to the medication regimen are critical for long-term success.

The heart transplant procedure is complex but often life-saving, offering patients a second chance at life. Understanding each step can empower patients and their families to feel more prepared for the journey ahead.

Risks and Complications of Heart Transplant

Like any major surgery, heart transplants involve risks and potential complications. While many patients enjoy successful outcomes and extended quality of life, it’s important to understand the possible risks involved:

1. Rejection

The most serious risk is the body rejecting the donor heart. The immune system may identify the new heart as foreign and attempt to attack it. Lifelong immunosuppressive medications are essential to reduce this risk, but rejection can still occur, especially in the early months.

2. Infection

Immunosuppressive therapy weakens the immune system, making patients more susceptible to infections. These can include surgical site infections, respiratory infections (like pneumonia), urinary tract infections, and sepsis.

3. Bleeding

There is a risk of bleeding during and immediately after the transplant due to the complexity of the procedure. Blood transfusions or additional surgeries may sometimes be needed.

4. Blood Clots

Blood clots can develop post-surgery, potentially leading to serious complications such as stroke, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or pulmonary embolism. Anticoagulant medications and early mobilization are commonly used to reduce this risk.

5. Cardiac Complications

Some patients may experience irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) or coronary artery vasculopathy—a form of artery disease that affects the transplanted heart over time. Both require close monitoring and treatment.

6. Kidney Dysfunction

Certain immunosuppressive drugs can strain the kidneys, potentially leading to kidney dysfunction or failure. Regular kidney function tests are vital to detect and manage this risk early.

7. Lung Complications

Post-operative lung issues such as fluid buildup (pleural effusion), pulmonary infections, or breathing difficulties can occur, especially during the initial recovery phase.

8. Gastrointestinal Issues

Patients may experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or other digestive problems after surgery. These are often side effects of medications but can also be linked to stress or infection.

9. Long-Term Risks

Cancer: Long-term immunosuppression increases the risk of certain cancers, particularly skin cancers and lymphomas.

Metabolic Issues: Conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol may develop or worsen due to medication side effects.

10. Psychosocial and Emotional Challenges

Adapting to life after a transplant can be emotionally challenging. Patients may experience anxiety, depression, or stress related to the lifelong need for medications, fear of rejection, or changes in lifestyle. Psychological support and counseling can be very beneficial.

Recovery After Heart Transplant

The recovery process after a heart transplant is a critical phase that requires careful monitoring and adherence to medical advice. The expected recovery timeline can vary from patient to patient, but generally, it can be broken down into several key stages.

Immediate Post-Operative Care (Days 1-7)

After the surgery, patients are typically moved to the intensive care unit (ICU) for close monitoring. This period lasts about a week, during which healthcare providers will monitor heart function, manage pain, and prevent complications. Patients may experience fatigue, swelling, and discomfort, which are normal post-surgical symptoms.

Transition to General Ward (Days 7-14)

Once stable, patients are transferred to a general ward. Here, they will begin physical rehabilitation, which includes light activities to promote mobility. Patients are encouraged to sit up, walk short distances, and gradually increase their activity level. This phase is crucial for regaining strength and independence.

Home Recovery (Weeks 2-6)

After discharge, the recovery continues at home. Patients should expect to rest frequently and gradually increase their activity levels. Regular follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor heart function and adjust medications. It’s essential to adhere to prescribed immunosuppressive therapy to prevent organ rejection.

Long-Term Recovery (Months 1-12)

The first year post-transplant is critical for long-term success. Patients will need to attend regular check-ups, including echocardiograms and blood tests, to monitor heart health and medication levels. Most patients can return to normal activities, including work and exercise, within three to six months, but this varies based on individual health and recovery progress.

Aftercare Tips

• Medication Adherence: Take all prescribed medications as directed to prevent rejection and manage side effects.
• Healthy Diet: Focus on a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limit salt, sugar, and saturated fats.
• Regular Exercise: Engage in light to moderate exercise as recommended by your healthcare provider to improve cardiovascular health.
• Avoid Infections: Practice good hygiene and avoid crowded places to reduce the risk of infections, especially in the early months post-transplant. This also includes practicing good food safety, avoiding sick individuals, and discussing necessary vaccinations with your team.
• Emotional Support: Seek support from family, friends, or support groups to cope with the emotional aspects of recovery.

Benefits of Heart Transplant

Heart transplants offer numerous benefits that significantly improve the quality of life for patients suffering from end-stage heart disease. Here are some key health improvements and outcomes associated with heart transplants:

1. Increased Longevity

Many patients experience a significant increase in life expectancy after a successful heart transplant. Studies show that the average survival rate is around 85% at one year and 70% at five years post-transplant.

2. Improved Heart Function

A new heart can restore normal heart function, allowing patients to engage in activities they may have previously found difficult or impossible due to heart failure.

3. Enhanced Quality of Life

Patients often report a marked improvement in their overall quality of life. They experience less fatigue, improved energy levels, and a return to daily activities, including work and exercise.

4. Symptom Relief

Heart transplants can alleviate symptoms associated with heart failure, such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and swelling, leading to a more active and fulfilling life.

5. Psychological Benefits

The psychological impact of receiving a new heart can be profound. Many patients experience a renewed sense of hope and purpose, which can positively affect their mental health.

Heart Transplant vs. Ventricular Assist Device (VAD)

While heart transplants are often the preferred treatment for end-stage heart failure, some patients may be better suited for a Ventricular Assist Device (VAD). Here’s how they compare:

What is the Cost of a Heart Transplant in India? 

Undergoing a heart transplant is a major decision medically, emotionally, and financially. Fortunately, India has become a global hub for affordable, high-quality cardiac care, offering one of the lowest heart transplant costs in the world. 

The cost of a heart transplant in India typically ranges between ₹20,00,000 to ₹35,00,000. This cost generally covers a comprehensive set of services, including pre-surgery tests and evaluations, procurement and transportation of the donor organ, hospital stay with intensive care unit (ICU) support, fees for the surgical and medical team, essential medications such as immunosuppressants, and postoperative care along with follow-up consultations during the initial weeks after surgery.

Cost-Influencing Factors 

Several factors can influence the total cost: 

• Hospital and Location: Top-tier hospitals in metro cities may charge more, but offer access to cutting-edge technology and experienced teams. 

• Hospital Room Type: Private or deluxe rooms cost more than shared or general wards. 

• Complications: Costs may increase if post-op complications require extended ICU care or re-hospitalization. 

• Donor Heart Logistics: Transportation of the organ (via air ambulance, road) can add to expenses. 

• Medication Costs: Immunosuppressants and supportive medications are lifelong and must be budgeted for. 

Why Choose Apollo Hospitals for a Heart Transplant? 

Apollo Hospitals is a recognized leader in cardiac care and transplant medicine in India. Here’s why patients from across the country—and even globally—choose Apollo: 

• Experienced Transplant Team: Some of India’s most skilled heart transplant surgeons and cardiologists. 

• High Success Rates: Consistently above national averages in survival and patient satisfaction. 

• State-of-the-Art Facilities: Advanced ICUs, hybrid ORs, and diagnostic labs ensure comprehensive care. 

• Affordability: World-class care at a fraction of the cost compared to Western countries. 

• Post-Transplant Support: Dedicated coordinators, rehab programs, and counseling ensure long-term well-being. 
   

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 

1. Can I follow a regular diet before a Heart Transplant? 

Before a heart transplant, you should not follow a regular diet if you have heart failure. A low-sodium, heart-healthy diet is essential to reduce fluid retention and blood pressure. Patients awaiting a Heart Transplant are encouraged to avoid processed foods and focus on lean protein, fruits, and vegetables. 

2. What is the ideal diet after a Heart Transplant? 

After a Heart Transplant, patients must follow a strict heart-healthy diet. This includes low salt, low saturated fat, and controlled sugar intake. Since immunosuppressants can cause weight gain and increase cholesterol, your post-Heart Transplant diet plays a crucial role in preventing complications. 

3. Can elderly patients safely undergo a Heart Transplant? 

Yes, elderly patients can receive a Heart Transplant if they are otherwise medically fit. Age alone is not a disqualifier, but comorbidities and frailty are considered. At Apollo Hospitals, careful evaluation ensures that elderly patients undergoing Heart Transplant surgery have favorable outcomes. 

4. Is pregnancy safe after a Heart Transplant? 

Pregnancy after a Heart Transplant is possible but must be carefully planned. Women should wait at least one year post-transplant and consult their transplant cardiologist. A Heart Transplant increases pregnancy risks, so specialized monitoring is essential throughout gestation and delivery. 

5. Can children undergo a Heart Transplant? 

Yes, pediatric Heart Transplant procedures are performed for children with congenital or acquired heart failure. Apollo Hospitals offers specialized pediatric cardiac care to ensure children undergoing a Heart Transplant have access to world-class expertise and facilities. 

6. Can obese patients have a Heart Transplant? 

Obesity can complicate a Heart Transplant, but it is not always a disqualifying factor. Patients with a high BMI may be advised to lose weight before being listed. Obese individuals face increased risks of infection and complications after a Heart Transplant, so weight management is critical. 

7. Can diabetic patients undergo a Heart Transplant? 

Yes, patients with diabetes can receive a Heart Transplant, but their blood sugar must be well controlled. Diabetes increases the risk of wound infection and kidney issues post-transplant. Proper diabetes management is essential before and after a Heart Transplant. 

8. Is high blood pressure a barrier to Heart Transplant eligibility? 

Hypertension is common in Heart Transplant candidates but must be managed. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can affect the heart and kidneys. With proper treatment, hypertensive patients can successfully undergo a Heart Transplant, especially when under care at experienced centers like Apollo Hospitals. 

9. Can I have a Heart Transplant if I had previous bypass surgery? 

Yes, a Heart Transplant is sometimes considered when previous bypass surgery no longer helps. Prior CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) does not rule out transplant eligibility. However, scar tissue from earlier surgeries may complicate the Heart Transplant procedure. 

10. Is Heart Transplant safe for patients with kidney disease? 

A Heart Transplant can be done in patients with mild kidney disease, but severe renal failure may require combined heart-kidney transplantation. Kidney function is closely monitored before and after a Heart Transplant to ensure safe outcomes. 

11. What’s the difference between Heart Transplant in India vs abroad? 

A Heart Transplant in India, especially at top centers like Apollo Hospitals, offers excellent outcomes at significantly lower costs compared to Western countries. India matches international standards in surgical expertise, post-op care, and infection control—making Heart Transplant procedures more accessible. 

12. Is Heart Transplant recovery better in India or abroad? 

Heart Transplant recovery in India is comparable to global standards, particularly at accredited hospitals like Apollo. With access to cardiac rehab, infection control, and immunosuppressant protocols, patients often experience smoother recovery in India—with the added benefit of affordability and personal care. 

13. Can I resume exercise after a Heart Transplant? 

Yes, light exercise usually begins a few weeks after a Heart Transplant, guided by rehabilitation experts. Full physical activity may resume after 3–6 months. Regular movement helps strengthen the body and aids long-term success of the Heart Transplant. 

14. Are Heart Transplants successful in patients over 60? 

Patients over 60 can undergo Heart Transplant surgery successfully if they are otherwise healthy. Age is one of many factors, and each case is evaluated individually. Many recipients over 60 report excellent quality of life after a Heart Transplant, especially when treated at experienced centers. 

15. Can a person with liver issues have a Heart Transplant? 

Mild liver issues may not affect Heart Transplant eligibility, but advanced cirrhosis is a concern. In some cases, a combined heart-liver transplant may be considered. Each Heart Transplant case is evaluated based on organ function and overall prognosis. 

16. What is the diet for diabetic patients after a Heart Transplant? 

Post-Heart Transplant, diabetic patients must follow a diet low in sugar, refined carbs, and processed foods. Immunosuppressive drugs can raise blood sugar levels, so dietary control is critical. At Apollo Hospitals, dietitians guide patients in managing both Heart Transplant recovery and diabetes. 

17. Can a person with pacemaker history get a Heart Transplant? 

Yes, having a pacemaker doesn’t prevent you from receiving a Heart Transplant. Many patients receive pacemakers during heart failure. Once the Heart Transplant is done, the pacemaker is removed along with the old heart. 

18. Can women breastfeed after a Heart Transplant? 

Breastfeeding is generally not recommended after a  heart transplant due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs, which can pass through breast milk. Mothers should consult with their transplant team before breastfeeding to understand the risks involved after a  heart transplant. 

19. Can a Heart Transplant patient travel internationally? 

Yes, after recovery and with medical clearance, Heart Transplant patients can travel. They must carry all medications and a copy of their transplant records. Apollo Hospitals offers travel advisory and care plans to help Heart Transplant recipients manage travel safely. 

20. How does India’s Heart Transplant cost compare to the US or UK? 

A Heart Transplant in India typically costs ₹20–35 lakhs, whereas in the US or UK, it can exceed ₹2–3 crores. Despite the lower cost, Indian hospitals like Apollo offer comparable quality, infection control, surgical skill, and recovery care—making India a globally preferred Heart Transplant destination. 

Conclusion 

A Heart Transplant is one of the most advanced treatments available for end-stage heart failure. Whether you're concerned about age, comorbidities like diabetes or obesity, or recovery timelines—every journey is unique. Speak with your cardiologist or a transplant team at Apollo Hospitals to see if a Heart Transplant is right for you. Early consultation improves both outcomes and peace of mind.